Commonwealth Games
Ron prepares to leave for the 1962 Games in Perth. | Ron at a Federation meeting with Dursley Stott in 1989. | Ron at the 1990 Games opening ceremony in New Zealand. |
The Commonwealth Games in 1958 in Cardiff, Wales were the first games that were attended by an Isle of Man team. It was also Ron's first Games as a member of the Isle of Man cycling team. He crashed during the event, ending up in hospital.
The following Games, in 1962 in Perth, Ron again competed as a member of the Isle of Man cycling team in the road race. He finished in 6th place, losing out on a medal in the final sprint of seven riders after 120 miles and 31 laps of the Kings Park circuit.
The 1966 Games in Kingston, Jamaica saw Ron move into a officiating role, when he joined the team as assistant to the general team manager, Curwen Clague, and by virtue of his cycling background, the de facto cycling team manager. He subsequently held a variety of officiating roles for the Isle of Man Commonwealth Games Association (CGA) at each of the next nine Games.
Year | Host Country | Host City | Isle of Man CGA Role | Other Notable Roles |
---|---|---|---|---|
1958 | Wales | Cardiff | Cycling competitor | |
1962 | Australia | Perth | Cycling competitor | |
1966 | Jamaica | Kingston | Assistant team manager and cycling team manager | |
1970 | Scotland | Edinburgh | Assistant team manager and cycling team manager | |
1974 | New Zealand | Christchurch | Assistant team manager and cycling team manager | |
1978 | Canada | Edmonton | Cycling team manager | |
1982 | Australia | Brisbane | Cycling team manager | Vice President of the Commonwealth Games Federation London Sports Committee |
1986 | Scotland | Edinburgh | Assistant team manager | Vice President of the Commonwealth Games Federation London Sports Committee |
1990 | New Zealand | Auckland | General team manager | Vice President of the Commonwealth Games Federation London Sports Committee and Vice President of the European Region of the Commonwealth Games Federation |
1994 | Canada | Victoria | Secretary of the Isle of Man Commonwealth Games Association | Vice President of the European Region of the Commonwealth Games Federation |
1998 | Malaysia | Kuala Lumpur | General team manager | |
2002 | England | Manchester | Secretary general |
Officially attending twelve Commomwealth Games' is a Manx record still standing today. The Isle of Man team members for every Commonwealth Games is listed HERE, including by a count of Games by participant.
1958 British Empire and Commonwealth Games
The IOMCGA team. Ron is back row, far right. | Another picture of the team. Ron is front row, center. | Ron raises the Manx flag (top of the ladder) at the team headquarters. |
The Commonwealth Games in 1958 were held in Cardiff, Wales. They were the first games that were attended by an Isle of Man team. 15 individuals were selected to go to Cardiff, with 10 competitors in cycling (6), track and field (2), marathon (1) and boxing (1), and 5 officials. Ron was one of those six cyclists, and he competed in the 120 mile road race based in the Ogmore-by-Sea district, 21 miles from Cardiff.
The cycle road race was held on the last day of the games, on Saturday, July 26th, and it was raining heavily. Ron recalled feeling miserable in the conditions, and a lapse of concentration ended his race when he touched the wheel of another competitor and crashed heavily. It was clear he couldn't continue, and he was taken to hospital where he was treated for a dislocated shoulder.
His teammate, Stuart Slack, more than endured the conditions by staying up with the leading pack, and eventually crossing the line in third place, and a bronze medal for the Island in its first venture to the Games.
1962 British Empire and Commonwealth Games
The IOMCGA team. Ron is middle right (4th from right). | Ron leads the road race. | Ron in the pack during the road race. |
Another in-pack shot of Ron during the road race. | Ron during the road race. | Ron poses with the Manx cyclists in a photo for the Daily Mirror, 1962. |
The Commonwealth Games in 1962 were held in Perth, Australia. Due to the distance and related expense, only 10 could be sent from the Island, with 8 competitors in cycling (4), track and field (3) and fencing (1), and 2 officials. It was Ron's second and last attempt at success in the Games as a competitor.
The 120 mile cycle road race was, like in 1958, to be held on the final day of the Games. To keep himself prepared, Ron notably took a "training" run from Perth to Collie in rainy and windy conditions, prompting a feature article in the local Collie Mail newspaper.
The race itself was held over 31 laps of a 3.78 mile circuit around King Park in Perth, on Saturday, December 1st. The Manx Green Final newspaper published the following account of the race:
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The pace at the start was sedate and nobody was ready to rouse the field to action in the early stages.
Always up the front well placed for any moves were the Manx quartette.
The first break came when John Killip went out with three others to build up an attack, but it was too early to be taken seriously - although John himself had his moment of glory. He paid for it later.
The first real attack came when Ken Nuttall of England, a New Zealander and an Australian broke loose.
This trio built up a big gap which stretched to over 3½ minutes. It was a danger move, for the group contained one from each of the big teams and it was mainly left to the Manx trio (Roger had retired by this time) to do much of the work to keep the race under control. At this point Killey was riding strongly and intelligently. Callow was always there with him, and so was Killip. But if the gap was to be closed, the Isle of Man had to do it. The rest of the field was either not inclined for team reasons or was just not good enough.
Eventually, the Australian team manager for some reason ordered the Australian in the leading group to desist. He peeled off, and immediately Killey led an attack to close the gap. This he did as Nuttall and the New Zealander tired.
The field was together again - but not for long. Two New Zealanders attacked fiercely and got away (at one time there were three of them). The race was now on. The Australians and the England teams had to respond - and it suited the Manx boys finely.
But Australian Frank Brazier (who was being kept for the finish) sat tight. The other Australians were not good enough, and in any case, one had shattered himself in the three-man break. Mason for England sat tight. Nuttell had sold out. Addy of England was not good enough. Butler, the national champion was suffering.
Again it was the Manx contingent who had to fight to cut the gap made by the Kiwis. Killey led this pursuit lap after lap ably supported by Callow and Killip, until John at 100 miles had to call it a day. He was sold out.
Ensconced in this fierce race now was Peter Callow, with Ron Killey leading the raid on the New Zealand threat. Slowly the gap closed and with 16 miles to go, the Kiwis "died" in their attempt to keep away.
The field was now whittled down: Mason, Butler and Nuttall of England; four New Zealanders, three Australians and Killey and Callow - with N. Ireland surprise number Johnston.
The attack came with two laps to go. The commentator sized up the position: one England rider, two New Zealanders, two Australians, two Manxmen and an Irishman.
It looked all set for a battle to the line between Brazier of Australia (who beat Stuart Slack by inches for the silver medal at Cardiff) Mason of England - and Peter Callow.
These three had kept themselves going in the groups throughout and were obviously best fitted for sprint battles at the end. The New Zealanders were always a big threat but the query was whether their attacks and breaks had worn them down.
Excitement in the Manx pit ran high as the field swept by with two laps to go.
It was satisfying and thrilling to hear the Isle of Man challenge constantly referred to by the loud speakers.
Then Peter's experiences on the Thursday evening took toll. At 115 miles he "came of the back" - fighting desperately and dramatically to hold on.
This great young Manx rider gave everything he had to stay on. But the gap opened and opened. He strove onwards alone, dazed, parched, grim and full of suffering.
On went the group, now one less. Killey was left. A rider without a great finishing sprint, Ron had only one hope for the major honours: a final onslaught on the hill as he climbed it for the 31st time. He had a go - he tore at himself to get loose but his tremendous pursuits early on left him physically weaker. The spirit was there and the fierce determination - but the legs would not respond.
So up the hill the surviving group of seven. Oh, for a Peter Callow on top form was the wish of the Manx supporters at this moment.
But all eyes now on the leaders as they diverted from the course down the Park avenue to the descending finishing straight.
And Mason - winner of the Viking Trophy in 1961 in the Isle of Man - came out to win by many lengths from the two New Zealanders, with Brazier next, Johnston of N. Ireland and Killey next (Ron was sixth) and Powell of Australia lengths behind Killey.
Two New Zealanders and an Australian came along some moments later in single file, then on his own British national champion Keith Butler (once a Clypse Handicap winner in June) - and then the lone, tiring, shattered figure of Peter Callow, determined to the end and fifth best Briton.
A long string of riders followed him home - most of them coming through up to ten minutes later as they were up to two and three laps in arrears.
The Manx boys had given everything they had. The scene at the finish was proof of that. But inside an hour they had recovered well, and were holding the "inquest" and had forgotten their desperate fatigue.
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It has been separately reported that Ron lost out on a medal by "taking a wrong turn" on the last lap of the race, instead of turning for the finish line. A more credible account is the following snippet of the race story from "A History of the Isle of Man at the Commonwealth Games":
"After cresting the circuit’s only incline for the final time, the route left the circuit for a long finishing straight, and the sportsmanship of Killey at this crucial point probably cost him a higher place as he distracted himself at the junction to call back Northern Ireland legend and forceful sprinter Jack Johnson, who had failed to notice the change in route."
But the 6th place finish by Ron was the best result of the Manx team that year, and the second best (behind Stuart Slack's bronze medal performance) of any Manx athelete in the Island's two visits to the Games. It was Ron's final race as a competitor, but he went on to attend 10 more Games as an official.
Two other manx cyclists put in top-10 performances: Roger Kelly finished 7th in the 1km individual time trial, and Peter Callow lost out in the quarter finals of the 4000m individual pursuit (8th best on time).
1966 British Empire and Commonwealth Games
The Commonwealth Games in 1966 were held in Kingston, Jamaica. The Island sent 15 participants, with 12 competitors in cycling (4), shooting (4), race walking (3) and swimming (1), and 3 officials. Ron was the Assistant Team Manager and the Cycling Team Manager. As Chairman of the Manx Road Club at the time, Ron was also one of the cycling committee selectors for the 1966 Games.
For the third Games in a row, the highlight for the Island was the cycling, this time with a gold medal performance by Peter Buckley in the 120-mile road race. Another cyclist, Nigel Dean, also put in a great performance, finishing 5th in the 10 mile scratch race, hence demoting Ron's 6th place in Perth to the 4th best performance by a Manx athlete in three Games. Two other top-ten performances were achieved by the walkers, with Phillip Bannan finishing 7th in the 20 mile road walk, and Albert Johnson finishing right behind him in 8th place.
Ron played his part as cycling team manager by acquiring a 50 c.c. Honda behind which the cyclists could pace behind down the 6 mile road from Kingston to the Palisadoes Airport at 45 mph. As well as relieving the monotony of training, it also became useful to provide the cyclists with drinks that would be carried out to them whilst training. The acquisition was thanks to the Australian team. Their 95 kg coach couldn't get enough speed out of the Honda, so had to find a bigger bike. That left the Honda available and Ron quickly struck the deal that allowed him to use it for the Isle of Man cyclists training.
1970 British Commonwealth Games
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The IOMCGA team. Ron is in the front row, to the right of Rev. Cubbon (seated). | The team marches in the opening ceremony. |   |
The Commonwealth Games in 1970 were held in Edinburgh, Scotland. For these Games the "Empire" was dropped from the title, hence the appreviation to the "British Commonwealth Games". The Island sent 19 participants, with 13 competitors in cycling (5), badminton (3), race walking (3), track and field (1) and swimming (1), and 6 officials. Ron was again the Assistant Team Manager and the Cycling Team Manager.
Probably due to the short travel distance from the Island to Edinburgh, the Isle of Man sent more athletes and more officials than any previous Games. But unlike the previous three Games, cycling didn't turn out to be the highlight. That spotlight was captured by Alex Jackson's bronze medal in the 200m women's freestyle swimming event, and the Island's third medal in four Games. She also swam to 4th place in the 100m freestyle event - the fourth best performance by a Manx athlete in any Games to that point, behind the three medalists.
The cyclists still made a good account of themselves, with Nigel Dean in his second Games finishing 6th in the 120 mile road race, and Ernie Potter finishing behind him in 7th. All told, these four top-10 performances meant that the Manx team had achieved twelve top-10 performances in just four Games.
1974 British Commonwealth Games
The Commonwealth Games in 1974 were held in Christchurch, New Zealand. The Island sent 20 participants, the most to date, with 15 competitors in cycling (4), shooting (4), race walking (3), swimming (2), marathon (1) and track and field (1), and 5 officials. Ron was again the Assistant Team Manager and the Cycling Team Manager.
For only the second time, there were no medals for the Island. Graham Young came closest with a personal best time in the 20 mile road walk, finishing only 47 seconds behind the bronze medalist. Fellow walker John Callow also put in a good race, finishing 8th.
Cycling again returned some good results with two cyclists recording top-10 finishes. Mike Kelly was 8th in the 10 mile scratch event and Bernie Shimmel finished just a couple of places behind him in 10th.
The Manx shooters also bagged a first top-10 result for their sport, when Ted Corlett finished 9th in the smallbore 50m rifle (prone position) competition.
With these results, the Island now had 17 top-10 performances in five Games.
1978 Commonwealth Games
The IOMCGA team. Ron is front row, 2nd from left. | Ron (far right) with the 1978 Manx cyclists. | Ron (right) consoles cyclist Steve Joughin. |
The Commonwealth Games in 1978 were held in Edmonton, Canada. The Games finally dropped the "British" part of the title, abbreviating it to just "The Commonwealth Games", as it is known today. The Island sent a huge party, significantly larger than any other games, with 34 participants. There were 26 competitors in badminton (5), cycling (5), shooting (5), swimming (5), race walking (3), marathon (2) and track and field (1), and 8 officials. Ron was the Cycling Team Manager.
The large team came through with another medal for the Island. This time it was bronze for shooter Stewart Watterson in the open smallbore 50m rifle (prone position).
Cycling's John Purvis was awfully close to a medal, when he finished 4th in the road race. Walker Graham Young couldn't better his previous Games performance in the 30km walk, but still finished in a creditable 8th place. And swimmer Colin Skillicorn put in a top-10 performance (on time) in the men's 200m individual medley.
With these results, the Island now had 21 top-10 performances in six Games.
1982 Commonwealth Games
The IOMCGA team. Ron is front row, 3rd from right. | Just the officials (plus attache, Joe Quayle). Ron is sitting, 2nd from right. | Close up of the opening ceremony march. Ron is far left. |
The Commonwealth Games in 1982 were held in Brisbane, Australia. The Island sent 36 participants, the most to date, including
26 competitors in shooting (7), cycling (6), badminton (4), swimming (4), race walking (3) and track and field (2), and 10 officials.
Ron was the Cycling Team Manager.
Ron also became the Vice President of the Commonwealth Games Federation London Sports Committee this year, a post he held for the next
eight years, through 1990.
This was the first Games for the Island where the cyclists were not the largest (or equal largest) contingent. Instead, that honor went to the shooters, with seven competitors.
Despite fielding the largest team in the Island's history of the Games, no medals were won, and no one was close. There were a
bunch of notable top-10 finishes though, including:
- In cycling, Mike Doyle, Mark Gage, Steve Joughin, and Steve Porter, who finished 8th in the 100km team time trial;
Steve also finished 7th in the road race, and 10th in the 1km individual time trial;
- In shooting, Peter Kelly and John Quilliam finished tied for 8th in the clay pigeon trap pairs;
Peter Quilliam and Peter Quirk finished 8th in the 50m rifle (prone position) pairs;
and David Clague and John Quilliam finished 9th in skeet pairs;
- In walking, Murray Lambden finished 8th in the 30km walk.
With these results, the Island now had 28 top-10 performances in seven Games.
1986 Commonwealth Games
The IOMCGA team. Ron is front row, 4th from right. | Just the officials (plus attache). Ron is front row, 2nd from right. |
The Commonwealth Games in 1986 were held in Edinburgh, Scotland. The Island sent 41 participants, including 29 competitors in shooting (10), cycling (7), badminton (4), track and field (3), marathon (2), swimming (2) and race walking (1), and 12 officials. Ron was the Assistant Team Manager, handing off his previous Cycling Manager duties to Lionel Cowin.
Unsurprisingly, due to the relative ease of travel from the Isle of Man to Edinburgh, the Island sent more athletes and more officials to this Games than any other, up to this point, and the next three until the Games returned to England.
The Island got its second gold in Edinburgh. This time it was shooter, Nigel Kelly in the individual skeet competition.
Nigel also teamed up with Andrew McKeown to take 5th in the skeet pairs competition.
Peter Kelly and Chris Turner finished tied for 5th in the clay pigeon trap pairs.
Harry Creevy and Stewart Watterson also teamed up for a good results in the 50m smallbore rifle (prone position) pairs, finishing 7th;
and the two of them took 9th in the 10m air rifle pairs.
Stuart Earle and Phil Mason took 7th in the center fire pairs, and they also teamed up for 8th in the air pistol pairs.
That meant that 8 of the 10 shooters that the Island sent to the Games put in a top-10 performance.
Cycling wasn't to be outdone, with an excellent 6th in the 100km team time trial with Richard Fletcher, Mike Kelly III, Peter Kennaugh, and Steve Porter.
The sole walker too put in a good performance with Steve Partington finishing 10th in the 30km walk.
Also notable was Ruth Vondy's performance in the women's over 72kg open judo competition in which she finished second. It is a rarely reported achievement because judo was "only" a demonstration event at these Games. Nevertheless, Ruth got a silver medal for the achievement, and this result is included in the statistics of this site.
With these results, the Island now had 38 top-10 performances in eight Games.
1990 Commonwealth Games
The Commonwealth Games in 1990 were held in Auckland, New Zealand. The Island sent 29 participants, including
21 competitors in shooting (6), cycling (5), swimming (5), track and field (2), badminton (1), judo (1) and race walking (1), and 8 officials.
Ron was the General Team Manager.
Ron also became the European Vice President of the Commonwealth Games Association this year, a post he held for the next four years,
through 1994.
The Island's second visit to New Zealand, and like the last time, no medals. Ruth Vondy in Judo finished 3rd, but did not receive a medal since there were only 4 competitors in her class.
As was becoming a recurring theme, there were plenty of top-10 results for the Island to celebrate.
The shooters again put in several good performances.
Previous Games gold medalist Nigel Kelly finished 6th in the individual skeet competition, and teamed with David Clague to finish 7th
in the skeet pairs competition.
Harry Creevy and Stewart Watterson finished 9th in the 50m smallbore rifle (3-position) pairs.
The swimmers as a team, consisting of David Glover, David Picken, Graham Stigant and Shane Stigant, recorded a number of top-10 results:
7th in the 4x100m medley relay, 7th in the 4x200m freestyle relay, and 8th in the 4x100m freestyle relay.
Cycling too had a number of good results:
5th in the 50km points race by Steve Porter, who also finished 9th in the road race.
As a team, four of the cyclists produced a top-10 team result in the 100km team time trial with 9th by Mark Harrison, Andy Nicholson,
Stephen Porter, and Andrew Roche.
Andy also finished 10th in the road race.
In the 30km race walk, Steve Partington bettered his finish from the previous Games by one place, to finish 9th in these Games.
With these results, the Island now had 50 top-10 performances in nine Games.
1994 Commonwealth Games
The IOMCGA team. Ron is front row, 3rd from left. | Another view of the team. Ron is standing, 4th from right. | Ron, in London, with the International Federation. He is 4th from right. |
The Commonwealth Games in 1994 were held in Victoria, Canada. The Island sent 23 participants, including 14 competitors in shooting (6), cycling (3), race walking (3), swimming (1) and track and field (1), and 9 officials.
Ron is often not listed as part of the Isle of Man team for these games. However, he attended in an official capacity, and as can be seen from the pictures (right), he attended in the Isle of Man team uniform. His official capacity at the Games was as Vice President of the European Region of the Commonwealth Games Federation. He was also, at the time, the Secretary of the Isle of Man Commonwealth Games Association. The position of Vice President of the European Region is one that is elected every four years, with the nominee coming from the Isle of Man, the Channel Islands, Malta, Gibraltar or Cyprus. Ron won more votes over a delegate from Malta to get the position, and as the Manx nominee, he represented the Isle of Man as well as the post in these Games.
For the second time in a row, no medals for the Island (the only time this two-in-a-row has happened).
But Marie Purvis was very close in the women's cycling road race when she finished 4th.
The shooters as usual had a number of good performances.
Harry Creevy, who was in his third of eight games, again produced top-10 results with 6th in the individual 50m smallbore rifle
(prone position), 7th in the 50m smallbore rifle (prone position) pairs with Stewart Watterson,
and 10th in the 50m smallbore rifle (3-position) pairs also with Stewart Watterson.
Steve and Carolyn Partington too extended the walker's streak of 10-top performances to six Games when he finished 7th in the men's 30km walk, and she finished 9th in the women's 10km walk.
With these results, the Island now had 56 top-10 performances in ten Games.
1998 Commonwealth Games
The Commonwealth Games in 1998 were held in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. The Island sent 29 participants, including 20 competitors in swimming (6), shooting (5), cycling (3), race walking (3), ten pin bowling (2) and track and field (1), and 9 officials.
Ron returned to the role of General Team Manager for these Games. Two months later, Ron received his OBE from the Queen at Buckingham Palace.
Silver this time around for shooter David Moore, who finished second in the individual 50m smallbore rifle (prone position) event.
As in earlier Games, a number of shooters returned with top ten results. In the same event that David took second, Harry Creevy finished
6th. David and Harry then teamed up take 7th in the 50m smallbore rifle (prone position) pairs event.
Glenn Catlin and Nigel Kelly got together in the skeet pairs event and finished 5th. Nigel also finished 9th in the individual skeet event.
Carolyn Partington bettered her previous Games finish of 9th in the women's 10km walk, by finishing 6th in these Games. And Karen Kneale was not too far behind her, finishing in 10th.
Cycling's streak of top ten finishes in every Games continued, despite only three cyclist going to Malaysia, with 7th place in the 20km scratch race by Mark Kelly.
The swimming team of David Batty, Marcus Cooil, Dane Harrop, and Alan Jones, finished the 4x100m freestyle relay in 9th, and the 4x100m medley relay in 10th.
With these results, the Island now had 66 top-10 performances in eleven Games.
2002 Commonwealth Games
The IOMCGA team. Ron is at the back, on the right edge of the doorway. | Ron with other 2002 IOMCGA team officials. |
The Commonwealth Games in 2002 were held in Manchester, England. Due to the Island's proximity to Manchester, 44 participants went to the Games from the Isle of Man - the most ever - including 30 competitors in shooting (11), cycling (6), swimming (6), badminton (2), lawn bowling (2), race walking (2) and track and field (1), and 14 officials.
This was Ron's last Games, representing the Isle of Man in the capacity of Secretary General.
A huge team from the Isle of Man at these Games, but no medals, and no one close either. But inevitably with so many competitors, there were top-10 results in almost every discipline.
Best was the swimming team of David Batty, Dane Harrop, Alan Jones and Adam Richards finishing 6th in the 4x100m medley relay, and 8th in the 4x100m freestyle relay. In individual swimming events, Ian Sharp finished 8th in the 100m EAD freestyle, and tied-9th in the 50m EAD freestyle.
In cycling Mark Kelly finished 7th in the 40km points race.
Pauling Kelly and Maureen Payne finished 3rd in group B of lawn bowls, which was effectively tied-9th in a field of 20 teams.
Shooting, as usual, returned top-10 results with Harry Creevy finishing 8th in the 50m smallbore rifle (prone position), Jake Keeling and Neil Parsons finishing 9th in the double trap pairs, and David Clague and Jeff Corkill finishing 10th in the skeet pairs.
With these results, the Island now had 75 top-10 performances in twelve Games.
For the Record
2006 Commonwealth Games
The Commonwealth Games in 2006 were held in Melbourne, Australia, which was the 1st visit of the Games to Melbourne and 3rd to Australia.
The Island sent 43 participants, 27 competitors in shooting (10), cycling (6), swimming (4), badminton (2), lawn bowling (2), gynmastics (1),
race walking (1) and track and field (1), and 16 offials.
Mark Cavendish brought home the Island's third Gold in cycling in the 20km scratch race, and
Trevor Byles and Wilfy Walton won Bronze in shooting in the Clay pigeon trap pairs. This was the first official double-medal Games for the Island
(the Island double-medled in 1986, but Ruth Vondy's sport of Judo was a demonstration sport, and so is often not included in official medal counts).
This raised the total medals won by the Island to 9.
There were a eight other top-10 finishers: in cycling it was Cavendish again, with 7th place in the road race, and Mark Kelly who finished 5th in the
40km point race and 8th in the 20km scratch race; in shooting the other Manx pairs of Tim Kneale and Neil Parsons finished 5th in the double trap pairs,
and Harry Creevy and Phil Glover who finished 9th in the 50m smallbore rifle (prone position) pairs; and in race walking Steve Partington finished
6th in the 50km walk.
Also of note, the Island sent its first gymnast to the Games: Alex Hedges, who participated in the individual all-round, finishing 19th.
2010 Commonwealth Games
The Commonwealth Games in 2010 were held in Delhi, India, which was the first visit to India.
The Island sent its biggest contingent to date, 49 participants, 31 competitors in shooting (11), cycling (6), gynmastics (5), badminton (4), archery (3)
and boxing (2), and 18 officials. Archery and boxing were both represented by the Island for the first time, and gynmastics sent an all-around team
for the first time.
Another double-medal Games for the Island, with bronze in cycling for Mark Christian in the 40km points race, and bronze for shooter Tim Kneale in
the individual double trap. The Island was now into double-digits with 11 medals won throughout the years.
Six more top-10 finishes with four of them in shooting with Jake Keeling and Tim Kneale taking 5th in Double trap pairs, Harry Creevy and David Moore
taking 7th in 50m smallbore rifle (prone position) pairs, Jake Keeling taking 8th in Individual double trap, and Gemma Kermode and Lara Ward
taking 10th in 50m smallbore rifle (prone position) pairs. The other two top-10 results came via Mark Cavendish with 7th in the cycling road race,
and the men's gymnastics team taking 9th in the team all-round.
2014 Commonwealth Games
The Commonwealth Games in 2014 were held in Scotland for the third time, but in Glasgow this time around (Edinburgh having hosted the other two editions).
The Island sent a huge contingent of 70 participants, 45 competitors in shooting (11), cycling (9), gynmastics (8), swimming (7), track and field (4),
badminton (3), boxing (1), lawn bowling (1) and triathlon (1), and 25 officials. This was by far the biggest team the Island had ever sent to the Games,
and the most diverse set of sport disciplines for which the Island had ever sent athletes.
Another medal at these Games, a silver medal for cyclist Peter Kennaugh in the 40km points race, the third Games in a row that the Island had won a medal,
and the 12th medal for the Island overall.
Eight other top-10 performances too, with Peter also claiming 8th in the road race, and 4th and 5th place finishes for Mark Christian and Joe Kelly
respectively in the 20km cycling scratch race. Shooter Jake Kelly got 9th place in the Individual double trap. The Island's women gymnasts
(Nicole Burns, Tara Donnelly, Grace Harrison, and Kaitlin Kneen) took 10th in the team event. And in swimming Grant Halsall was 10th in the
50m backstroke, the 200m backstroke, and the 4x200m freestyle relay along with Tom Bielich, Alex Bregazzi and Guy Davies.
2018 Commonwealth Games
The Commonwealth Games in 2018 were held in Australia for the fourth time, and in Brisbane for the second time.
51 participants were sent, 32 competitors in cycling (10), shooting (6), swimming (5), badminton (4), lawn bowling (2), track and field (2),
gynmastics (1), race walking (1) and triathlon (1), and 19 officials.
For the fourth games in a row the Island won a medal, it's 13th, with Tim Kneale winning silver in the individual double trap. It was his
second medal after winning bronze in 2010, with which he became the island's first multi-medalist.
Once again there were a lot of great top-10 performances by the Isle of Man athletes. Swimmer Charlotte Atkinson finished just 0.45s outside the
medals with 4th place in the 200m butterfly. Charlotte followed that up when she joined Stephanie Brew, Laura Kinley and Niamh Robinson to take
8th place in the 4 x 100m medley relay. There were four top-10 results for the cyclists, with Matthew Bostock finishing 6th in the 15km scratch race,
Anna Christian and Lizzie Holden finishing 9th and 10th respectively in the individual time trial, and Nick Corlett finishing 10th in the Mountain Bike
competition. And in race walking, Erica Kelly finished 9th in the 20km event.
2022 Commonwealth Games
The Commonwealth Games in 2022 were held in England for the second time (sixth time in the UK), with Birmingham the host city.
34 competitors were sent in cycling (13), swimming (7), track and field (5), boxing (2), marathon (2), triathlon (2), badminton (1), gynmastics (1)
and para powerlifting (1). The 13 cyclist represented the largest contingent in a single sporting discipline sent to the Games by the Island.
Kimberley Dean became the first para-athlete to represent the Isle of Man at the Commonwealth Games, in the para powerlifting event.
Despite the island's deep history of shooting success at the Games, no athletes went since no events were held, as shooting was excluded from the
Games due to a lack of facilities around Birmingham.
A list of officials accompanying the team was not published by the Isle of Man Commonwealth Games organization, for an unknown reason.
Unfortunately the streak of medal-winning Games for the Island came to an end when none of the athletes won a medal. Lizzie Holden came the closest
in the cycling individual time trail with a great 5th place finish out of a field of 36. Other top-10 finishers included Rebecca Storrie who
finished behind Lizzie in 6th place in the individual time trail. The swimming team of Peter Allen, Alex Bregazzi, Harry Robinson and Joel Watterson
came together to finish 7th in two different events, the 4 x 100m freestyle relay, and the 4 x 200m freestyle relay. The men and women came together
for the mixed swimming events, with Peter Allen, Emma Hodgson, Laura Kinley and Joel Watterson finishing 9th (based on time) in the
4 x 100m medley relay; and Peter Allen, Harry Robinson, Emma Hodgson and Kiera Prentice finishing 10th (based on time) in the
4 x 100m freestyle relay. Jade Burden, Kimberley Dean, and Glen Quayle all finished inside the top-10 in their respective sports of boxing,
para powerlifting, and pole vault, 8th place in all cases, albeit in fields of 10 or fewer competitors.
All the Games in Summary:
Year | Host Country | Host City | Athls | Offls | Total | Sports (Manx participants) | Best Result(s) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1958 | Wales | Cardiff | 10 | 5 | 15 | Cycling (6), track and field (2), marathon (1), boxing (1) | Stuart Slack, Cycling: Road Race, Bronze Medal Winner |
1962 | Australia | Perth | 8 | 2 | 10 | Cycling (4), track and field (3), fencing (1) | Ron Killey, Cycling: Road Race, 6th place |
1966 | Jamaica | Kingston | 12 | 3 | 15 | Cycling (4), shooting (4), race walking (3), swimming (1) | Peter Buckley, Cycling: Road Race, Gold Medal Winner |
1970 | Scotland | Edinburgh | 13 | 6 | 19 | Cycling (5), badminton (3), race walking (3), track and field (1), swimming (1) | Alex Jackson, Swimming: 200m Freestyle, Bronze Medal Winner |
1974 | New Zealand | Christchurch | 15 | 5 | 20 | Cycling (4), shooting (4), race walking (3), swimming (2), marathon (1), track and field (1) | Graham Young, Athletics: 20 Mile Road Walk, 4th place |
1978 | Canada | Edmonton | 26 | 8 | 34 | Badminton (5), cycling (5), shooting (5), swimming (5), race walking (3), marathon (2), track and field (1) | Stewart Watterson, Shooting: Open Smallbore 50m Rifle Prone, Bronze Medal Winner |
1982 | Australia | Brisbane | 26 | 10 | 36 | Shooting (7), cycling (6), badminton (4), swimming (4), race walking (3), track and field (2) | Steve Joughin, Cycling: Road Race, 7th place |
1986 | Scotland | Edinburgh | 29 | 12 | 41 | Shooting (10), cycling (7), badminton (4), track and field (3), marathon (2), swimming (2), race walking (1) | Nigel Kelly, Shooting: Individual Skeet, Gold Medal Winner Ruth Vondy, Judo: Over 72kg Open, Silver Medal Winner |
1990 | New Zealand | Auckland | 21 | 8 | 29 | Shooting (10), cycling (7), badminton (4), track and field (3), marathon (2), swimming (2), race walking (1) | Ruth Vondy, Judo: Over 72kg, 3rd place (but no medal) Steve Porter, Cycling: 50km Points, 5th |
1994 | Canada | Victoria | 14 | 9 | 23 | Shooting (6), cycling (3), race walking (3), swimming (1), track and field (1) | Marie Purvis, Cycling: Road Race, 4th place |
1998 | Malaysia | Kuala Lumpur | 20 | 9 | 29 | Swimming (6), shooting (5), cycling (3), race walking (3), ten pin bowling (2), track and field (1) | David Moore, Shooting: Individual Smallbore 50m Rifle Prone, Silver Medal Winner |
2002 | England | Manchester | 30 | 14 | 44 | Shooting (11), cycling (6), swimming (6), badminton (2), lawn bowling (2), race walking (2), track and field (1) | David Moore, Swimming: 4x100m Medley Relay, 6th place |
2006 | Australia | Melbourne | 27 | 16 | 43 | Shooting (10), cycling (6), swimming (4), badminton (2), lawn bowling (2), gynmastics (1), race walking (1), track and field (1) | Mark Cavendish, Cycling: 20km Scratch Race, Gold Medal Winner Trevor Byles and Wilfy Walton, Shooting: Clay Pigeon Trap Pairs, Bronze Medal Winners |
2010 | India | Delhi | 31 | 18 | 49 | Shooting (11), cycling (6), gynmastics (5), badminton (4), archery (3), boxing (2) | Mark Christian, Cycling: 40km Points Race, Bronze Medal Winner Tim Kneale, Shooting: Individual Double Trap, Bronze Medal Winner |
2014 | Scotland | Glasgow | 45 | 25 | 70 | Shooting (11), cycling (9), gynmastics (8), swimming (7), track and field (4), badminton (3), boxing (1), lawn bowling (1), triathlon (1) | Peter Kennaugh, Cycling: 40km Points Race, Silver Medal Winner |
2018 | Australia | Brisbane | 32 | 19 | 51 | Cycling (10), shooting (6), swimming (5), badminton (4), lawn bowling (2), track and field (2), gynmastics (1), race walking (1), triathlon (1) | Tim Kneale, Shooting: Individual Double Trap, Silver Medal Winner |
2022 | England | Birmingham | 34 | ?? | ?? | Cycling (13), swimming (7), track and field (5), boxing (2), marathon (2), triathlon (2), badminton (1), gynmastics (1), para powerlifting (1) | Lizzie Holden, Cycling: Individual Time Trial, 5th place |
Medalists:
Medal | Medalist | Sport | Discipline | Year |
---|---|---|---|---|
Gold | Peter Buckley Nigel Kelly Mark Cavendish |
Cycling Shooting Cycling |
Road race Skeet 20km scratch race |
1966 1986 2006 |
Silver | Ruth Vondy David Moore Peter Kennaugh Tim Kneale |
Judo Shooting Cycling Shooting |
Over 72kg women's open (Demonstration event) 50m smallbore rifle (prone position) 40km points race Individual Double Trap |
1986 1998 2014 2018 |
Bronze | Stuart Slack Alex Jackson Stewart Watterson Trevor Byles and Wilfy Walton Mark Christian Tim Kneale |
Cycling Swimming Shooting Shooting Cycling Shooting |
Road race 200m women's freestyle 50m smallbore rifle (prone position) Clay pigeon trap pairs 40km points race Individual double trap |
1958 1970 1978 2006 2010 2010 |
Top 10 performances by Manx athletes at each of the Games (currently 120 total, with 13 medals):
# | Year | City/Country (Top 10s) | Sport | Discipline | Position and competitors |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 1958 | Cardiff/Wales (1) | Cycling | Road race | 3rd - Stuart Slack |
2 | 1962 | Perth/Australia (3) | Cycling | Road race | 6th - Ron Killey |
3 | Cycling | 1km individual time trial | 7th - Roger Kelly | ||
4 | Cycling | 4000m individual pursuit | 8th (on time) - Peter Callow | ||
5 | 1966 | Kingston/Jamaica (4) | Cycling | Road race | 1st - Peter Buckley |
6 | Cycling | 10 mile scratch race | 5th - Nigel Dean | ||
7 | Walking | 20 mile road walk | 7th - Phillip Bannan | ||
8 | Walking | 20 mile road walk | 8th - Albert Johnson | ||
9 | 1970 | Edinburgh/Scotland (4) | Swimming | 200m women's freestyle | 3rd - Alex Jackson |
10 | Swimming | 100m women's freestyle | 4th - Alex Jackson | ||
11 | Cycling | Road race | 6th - Nigel Dean | ||
12 | Cycling | Road race | 7th - Earnie Potter | ||
13 | 1974 | Christchurch/New Zealand (5) | Walking | 20 mile road walk | 4th - Graham Young |
14 | Walking | 20 mile road walk | 8th - John Callow | ||
15 | Cycling | 10 mile scratch race | 8th - Mike Kelly | ||
16 | Shooting | 50m smallbore rifle (prone position) | 9th - Ted Corlett | ||
17 | Cycling | 10 mile scratch race | 10th - Bernie Shimmel | ||
18 | 1978 | Edmonton/Canada (4) | Shooting | 50m smallbore rifle (prone position) | 3rd - Stewart Watterson |
19 | Cycling | Road race | 4th - John Purvis | ||
20 | Walking | 30km walk | 8th - Graham Young | ||
21 | Swimming | 200m individual medley | 10th (on time) - Colin Skillicorn | ||
22 | 1982 | Brisbane/Australia (7) | Cycling | Road race | 7th - Steve Joughin |
23 | Cycling | 100km team time trial | 8th - Mike Doyle, Mark Gage, Steve Joughin, and Steve Porter | ||
24 | Shooting | Clay pigeon trap pairs | 8th - Peter Kelly and John Quilliam | ||
25 | Shooting | 50m smallbore rifle (prone position) pairs | 8th - Peter Quilliam and Peter Quirk | ||
26 | Walking | 30km walk | 8th - Murray Lambden | ||
27 | Shooting | Skeet pairs | 9th - David Clague and John Quilliam | ||
28 | Cycling | 1km individual time trial | 10th - Steve Joughin | ||
29 | 1986 | Edinburgh/Scotland (10) | Shooting | Skeet | 1st - Nigel Kelly |
30 | Judo* | Over 72kg women's open | 2nd - Ruth Vondy (*Demonstration event) | ||
31 | Shooting | Skeet pairs | 5th - Nigel Kelly and Andrew McKeown | ||
32 | Shooting | Clay pigeon trap pairs | 5th - Peter Kelly and Chris Turner | ||
33 | Cycling | 100km team time trial | 6th - Richard Fletcher, Mike Kelly III, Peter Kennaugh, and Steve Porter | ||
34 | Shooting | 50m smallbore rifle (prone position) pairs | 7th - Harry Creevy and Stewart Watterson | ||
35 | Shooting | Center fire pairs | 7th - Stuart Earle and Phil Mason | ||
36 | Shooting | Air pistol pairs | 8th - Stuart Earle and Phil Mason | ||
37 | Shooting | 10m air rifle pairs | 9th - Harry Creevy and Stewart Watterson | ||
38 | Walking | 30km walk | 10th - Steve Partington | ||
39 | 1990 | Auckland/New Zealand (12) | Judo | Women's over 72kg, open | 3rd - Ruth Vondy |
40 | Cycling | 50km points race | 5th - Steve Porter | ||
41 | Shooting | Individual skeet | 6th - Nigel Kelly | ||
42 | Shooting | Skeet pairs | 7th - Nigel Kelly and David Clague | ||
43 | Swimming | 4x100m medley relay | 7th - David Glover, David Picken, Graham Stigant, and Shane Stigant | ||
44 | Swimming | 4x200m freestyle relay | 7th - David Glover, David Picken, Graham Stigant, and Shane Stigant | ||
45 | Swimming | 4x100m freestyle relay | 8th - David Glover, David Picken, Graham Stigant, and Shane Stigant | ||
46 | Cycling | Road race | 9th - Steve Porter | ||
47 | Cycling | 100km team time trial | 9th - Mark Harrison, Andy Nicholson, Stephen Porter, and Andrew Roche | ||
48 | Shooting | 50m smallbore rifle (3-position) pairs | 9th - Harry Creevy and Stewart Watterson | ||
49 | Walking | 30km walk | 9th - Steve Partington | ||
50 | Cycling | Road race | 10th - Andy Nicholson | ||
51 | 1994 | Victoria/Canada (6) | Cycling | Road race | 4th - Marie Purvis |
52 | Shooting | 50m smallbore rifle (prone position) | 6th - Harry Creevy | ||
53 | Shooting | 50m smallbore rifle (prone position) pairs | 7th - Harry Creevy and Stewart Watterson | ||
54 | Walking | 30km walk | 7th - Steve Partington | ||
55 | Walking | 10km walk | 9th - Carolyn Partington | ||
56 | Shooting | 50m smallbore rifle (3-position) pairs | 10th - Harry Creevy and Stewart Watterson | ||
57 | 1998 | Kuala Lumpur/Malaysia (10) | Shooting | 50m smallbore rifle (prone position) | 2nd - David Moore |
58 | Shooting | Skeet pairs | 5th - Glenn Catlin and Nigel Kelly | ||
59 | Shooting | 50m smallbore rifle (prone position) | 6th - Harry Creevy | ||
60 | Walking | 10km walk | 6th - Carolyn Partington | ||
61 | Cycling | 20km scratch race | 7th - Mark Kelly | ||
62 | Shooting | 50m smallbore rifle (prone position) pairs | 7th - David Moore and Harry Creevy | ||
63 | Shooting | Individual skeet | 9th - Nigel Kelly | ||
64 | Swimming | 4x100m freestyle relay | 9th - David Batty, Marcus Cooil, Dane Harrop, and Alan Jones | ||
65 | Walking | 10km walk | 10th - Karen Kneale | ||
66 | Swimming | 4x100m medley relay | 10th - David Batty, Marcus Cooil, Dane Harrop, and Alan Jones | ||
67 | 2002 | Manchester/England (9) | Swimming | 4x100m medley relay | 6th - David Batty, Dane Harrop, Alan Jones, and Adam Richards |
68 | Cycling | 40km points race | 7th - Mark Kelly | ||
69 | Shooting | 50m smallbore rifle (prone position) | 8th - Harry Creevy | ||
70 | Swimming | 4x100m freestyle relay | 8th - David Batty, Dane Harrop, Alan Jones, and Adam Richards | ||
71 | Swimming | 100m EAD freestyle | 8th - Ian Sharp | ||
72 | Shooting | Double trap pairs | 9th - Jake Keeling and Neil Parsons | ||
73 | Swimming | 50m EAD freestyle | 9th - Ian Sharp | ||
74 | Lawn bowls | Women's pairs | Tied-9th - Pauling Kelly and Maureen Payne | ||
75 | Shooting | Skeet pairs | 10th - David Clague and Jeff Corkill | ||
76 | 2006 | Melbourne/Australia (10) | Cycling | 20km scratch race | 1st - Mark Cavendish |
77 | Shooting | Clay pigeon trap pairs | 3rd - Trevor Byles and Wilfy Walton | ||
78 | Cycling | 40km points race | 5th - Mark Kelly | ||
79 | Shooting | Double trap pairs | 5th - Tim Kneale and Neil Parsons | ||
80 | Cycling | 20km scratch race | 6th - Jonny Bellis | ||
81 | Shooting | 50m smallbore rifle (prone position) pairs | 6th - Suzanne Cubbon and Lara Ward | ||
82 | Walking | 50km walk | 6th - Steve Partington | ||
83 | Cycling | Road race | 7th - Mark Cavendish | ||
84 | Cycling | 20km scratch race | 8th - Mark Kelly | ||
85 | Shooting | 50m smallbore rifle (prone position) pairs | 9th - Harry Creevy and Phil Glover | ||
86 | 2010 | Delhi/India (8) | Cycling | 40km points race | 3rd - Mark Christian |
87 | Shooting | Individual double trap | 3rd - Tim Kneale | ||
88 | Shooting | Double trap pairs | 5th - Jake Keeling and Tim Kneale | ||
89 | Cycling | Road race | 7th - Mark Cavendish | ||
90 | Shooting | 50m smallbore rifle (prone position) pairs | 7th - Harry Creevy and David Moore | ||
91 | Shooting | Individual double trap | 8th - Jake Keeling | ||
92 | Gymnastics | Men's team | 9th - Adam Hedges, Alex Hedges, Mukunda Measuria | ||
93 | Shooting | 50m smallbore rifle (prone position) pairs | 10th - Gemma Kermode and Lara Ward | ||
94 | 2014 | Glasgow/Scotland (9) | Cycling | 40km points race | 2nd - Peter Kennaugh |
95 | Cycling | 20km scratch race | 4th - Mark Christian | ||
96 | Cycling | 20km scratch race | 5th - Joe Kelly | ||
97 | Cycling | Road race | 8th - Peter Kennaugh | ||
98 | Shooting | Individual double trap | 9th - Jake Keeling | ||
99 | Gymnastics | Women's team | 10th - Nicole Burns, Tara Donnelly, Grace Harrison, and Kaitlin Kneen | ||
100 | Swimming | 50m backstroke | 10th - Grant Halsall | ||
101 | Swimming | 200m backstroke | 10th - Grant Halsall | ||
102 | Swimming | 4x200m freestyle relay | 10th - Tom Bielich, Alex Bregazzi, Guy Davies, Grant Halsall | ||
103 | 2018 | Brisbane/Australia (9) | Shooting | Individual Double Trap | 2nd - Tim Kneale |
104 | Swimming | 200m butterfly | 4th - Charlotte Atkinson | ||
105 | Cycling | 15km scratch race | 6th - Matthew Bostock | ||
106 | Shooting | Individual smallbore 50m rifle prone | 6th - Rachel Glover | ||
107 | Swimming | 4 x 100m medley relay | 8th - Charlotte Atkinson, Stephanie Brew, Laura Kinley, Niamh Robinson | ||
108 | Cycling | Individual time trial | 9th - Anna Christian | ||
109 | Walking | 20km walk | 9th - Erica Kelly | ||
110 | Cycling | Mountain Bike | 10th - Nick Corlett | ||
111 | Cycling | Individual time trial | 10th - Lizzie Holden | ||
112 | 2022 | England/Birmingham (12) | Cycling | Individual time trial | 5th - Lizzie Holden |
113 | Cycling | Individual time trial | 6th - Rebecca Storrie | ||
114 | Swimming | 4 x 100m freestyle relay | 7th - Peter Allen, Alex Bregazzi, Harry Robinson, and Joel Watterson | ||
115 | Swimming | 4 x 200m freestyle relay | 7th - Peter Allen, Alex Bregazzi, Harry Robinson, and Joel Watterson | ||
116 | Boxing | 57kg-60kg lightweight | 8th - Jade Burden | ||
117 | Para powerlifting | Lightweight | 8th - Kimberley Dean | ||
118 | Track & field | Pole vault | 8th - Glen Quayle | ||
119 | Swimming | Mixed 4 x 100m medley relay | 9th - Peter Allen, Emma Hodgson, Laura Kinley and Joel Watterson | ||
120 | Swimming | Mixed 4 x 100m freestyle relay | 10th - Peter Allen, Harry Robinson, Emma Hodgson and Kiera Prentice |
By sport:
# | Points[1] | Top 10s | Medals | Sport | Years (Positions) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 305 | 39 | 5 | Cycling | 1958 (3rd), 1962 (6th,7th,8th), 1966 (1st,5th), 1970 (6th,7th), 1974 (8th, 10th), 1978 (4th),
1982 (7th,8th,10th), 1986 (6th), 1990 (5th,9th,9th,10th), 1994 (4th), 1998 (7th), 2002 (7th), 2006 (1st,5th,6th,7th,8th), 2010 (3rd,7th), 2014 (2nd,4th,5th,8th), 2018 (6th,9th,10th,10th), 2022 (5th,6th) |
2 | 271 | 38 | 6 | Shooting | 1974 (9th), 1978 (3rd), 1982 (8th,8th,9th), 1986 (1st,5th,5th,7th,7th,8th,9th), 1990 (6th,7th,9th),
1994 (6th,7th,10th), 1998 (2nd,5th,6th,7th,9th), 2002 (8th,9th,10th), 2006 (3rd,5th,6th,9th), 2010 (3rd,5th,7th,8th,10th), 2014 (9th), 2018 (2nd,6th) |
3 | 99 | 21 | 1 | Swimming | 1970 (3rd,4th), 1978 (10th), 1990 (7th,7th,8th), 1998 (9th,10th), 2002 (6th,8th,8th,9th), 2014 (10th,10th,10th),
2018 (4th,8th), 2022 (7th,7th,9th,10th) |
4 | 64 | 14 | 0 | Walking | 1966 (7th,8th), 1974 (4th,8th), 1978 (8th), 1982 (8th), 1986 (10th), 1990 (9th), 1994 (7th,9th), 1998 (6th,10th), 2006 (6th), 2018 (9th) |
5 | 33 | 2 | 1 | Judo | 1986 (2nd*), 1990 (3rd*) |
6 | 4 | 1 | 0 | Boxing | 2022 (8th) |
=6 | 4 | 1 | 0 | Para powerlifting | 2022 (8th) |
=6 | 4 | 1 | 0 | Pole vault | 2022 (8th) |
9 | 3 | 2 | 0 | Gymnastics | 2010 (9th), 2014 (10th) |
10 | 2 | 1 | 0 | Lawn bowls | 2002 (9th) |
* Ruth Vondy's 2nd place finish in Judo in 1986 included a medal for her; however, Judo was a "demonstration" event, and so is rarely included in reviews of performances for these Games. Also, her 3rd place finish in 1990 did not result in a medal since there were only four competitors.